Since human beings stepped into a regular way of life, a batch of practical tools and supplies have emerged. Up to now, there are many stars in the sky. In addition to its practicability, all kinds of mechanical supplies or all kinds of transportation tools also have all kinds of aesthetic appearance. In this way, we can call it "mechanical beauty", that is, art + technology = mechanical products.

原先稱(chēng)這此人員為“技藝”人。由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在工業(yè)革命初期特殊的歷史條件下，曾一度強(qiáng)調(diào)其實(shí)用性，一段時(shí)期內(nèi)使得技藝分離，但后來(lái)在各項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，又強(qiáng)調(diào)同一性能上有其不同的外觀(guān)美、以吸引消費(fèi)者，因此又合二為一了，成為一個(gè)不可分離的總體。

This person was originally called a "craftsman". Due to the development of technology, under the special historical conditions in the early stage of the industrial revolution, it once emphasized its practicability and separated the skills for a period of time. However, later, when competing among various products, it emphasized that the same performance has different appearance beauty to attract consumers. Therefore, the two became one and became an inseparable whole.

本文就以上述觀(guān)點(diǎn)具體談?wù)労娇疹I(lǐng)域內(nèi)美與技術(shù)相互關(guān)系的話(huà)題。

Based on the above views, this paper specifically discusses the topic of the relationship between the United States and technology in the aviation field.

自古以來(lái)，中外均出現(xiàn)不少飛天氣神話(huà)傳說(shuō)和一些飛天的幻想畫(huà)，但均處于神話(huà)范疇，是沒(méi)有科學(xué)根據(jù)的。直至文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，意大利一位有名的科學(xué)家兼畫(huà)家達(dá)．芬奇（1452~1519年）為了畫(huà)好更生動(dòng)的畫(huà)，曾對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)飛行姿態(tài)及其飛行規(guī)律作過(guò)深入的研究，曾寫(xiě)過(guò)一本《論鳥(niǎo)的飛行》一書(shū)，并根據(jù)科學(xué)的理論以其精堪的手筆繪出鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)翅膀所產(chǎn)生的升力圖及一些撲翼飛行、旋翼直升器、降落傘等等想像畫(huà)。今天，除撲翼飛行未能實(shí)現(xiàn)外，機(jī)翼的升力原理、直升機(jī)的出現(xiàn)以及降落傘的應(yīng)用，均與他的世界上公認(rèn)首批有價(jià)值的航空幻想有直接關(guān)系的，因此，可以說(shuō)航空的起源是美與技術(shù)的結(jié)合有其密切關(guān)連和起源。

Since ancient times, many flying weather myths and legends and some flying fantasy paintings have appeared at home and abroad, but they are in the category of myth and have no scientific basis. Until the Renaissance, Da Vinci (1452 ~ 1519), a famous Italian scientist and painter, made an in-depth study on the flight posture and flight law of birds in order to draw more vivid pictures. He once wrote a book on the flight of birds, and drew the lift diagram generated by bird wings and some flapping wings with his exquisite hand according to scientific theories Rotor helicopter, parachute, etc. Today, in addition to the failure to realize flapping wing flight, the lift principle of wings, the emergence of helicopters and the application of parachutes are directly related to his first recognized valuable aviation fantasies in the world. Therefore, it can be said that the origin of aviation is the combination of beauty and technology, which is closely related and originated.

今天有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)：飛機(jī)的外型設(shè)計(jì)是靠風(fēng)洞吹風(fēng)試驗(yàn)后確定的，但他忽視了在吹風(fēng)試驗(yàn)前很多外型方案是出自設(shè)計(jì)者的草圖。在各種設(shè)計(jì)草圖中作出選擇后而作風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)，這一些設(shè)計(jì)草圖有各種型式，其外觀(guān)就是各種各樣的“美”。

Today, someone stressed that the shape design of the aircraft is determined by the wind tunnel blowing test, but he ignored that many shape schemes came from the designer's sketches before the blowing test. After making a choice among various design sketches, these design sketches have various types, and their appearance is all kinds of "beauty".

由于設(shè)計(jì)者在設(shè)計(jì)某一型式飛機(jī)在同一性能基礎(chǔ)上有他的靈活性，因此也會(huì)產(chǎn)生各樣的不同氣動(dòng)外型，這就是稱(chēng)之為“機(jī)械美”或稱(chēng)之為“外型美”。

Because the designer has his flexibility in designing a certain type of aircraft on the basis of the same performance, it will also produce a variety of different aerodynamic shapes, which is called "mechanical beauty" or "appearance beauty".

比如，70年代初期，美國(guó)招標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)下一代戰(zhàn)術(shù)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)時(shí)，通用動(dòng)力公司的YF-16與麥道和羅斯諾甫公司的YE-17競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，空軍選中了YF-16，但當(dāng)時(shí)美海軍又以后者修改為F-18作為艦載后繼機(jī)投產(chǎn)，在性能上，除后者適應(yīng)于艦載功能外，其他性能大致相等，但兩者在氣動(dòng)外型上卻有他們特殊的外觀(guān)美。如正鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)都能飛翔，其原理相同，但世上有千萬(wàn)種千姿百態(tài)美麗的烏飛翔于大自然的空中一樣。由此，作為一個(gè)飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師期本身具有美術(shù)修養(yǎng)，他一定會(huì)在設(shè)計(jì)方案時(shí)，設(shè)想出很多合乎技術(shù)規(guī)律又兼有外型美感的產(chǎn)品。說(shuō)到這里，我建議今后學(xué)習(xí)飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的人（當(dāng)然也包括其他機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的）是否能增添一項(xiàng)美術(shù)必修課，正如學(xué)習(xí)建筑設(shè)計(jì)系一樣要學(xué)習(xí)一定的建筑工程美術(shù)畫(huà)。這是對(duì)今后我國(guó)發(fā)展航空工業(yè)大有俾益的。

For example, in the early 1970s, when the United States invited tenders for the design of the next generation tactical fighter, when general dynamics's YF-16 competed with McDonnell Douglas and rosnoff's ye-17, the air force selected YF-16, but at that time, the US Navy modified the latter to F-18 and put it into operation as a carrier based successor. In terms of performance, except that the latter is suitable for carrier based functions, other performance is roughly the same, But both have their special appearance beauty in pneumatic appearance. For example, birds can fly on the same principle, but there are thousands of beautiful birds in the world flying in the air of nature. Therefore, as an aircraft designer, he has artistic cultivation. He will imagine many products that conform to the technical law and have aesthetic appearance when designing the scheme. Speaking of this, I suggest that in the future, those who study aircraft design (including other mechanical design, of course) can add a required art course. Just as learning the Department of architectural design, they should learn some architectural engineering art paintings. This is of great benefit to the development of China's aviation industry in the future.